for rimsha..only the recipes from the first document

 

 

Basic Red Earthenware Clay Smooth, orange-red body that remains porous unless glazed. (Cone 06 – 04) (1000 to 1070°C)     Red Clay (Terracotta / Earthenware Clay) – 70% Ball Clay – 15% (Improves plasticity) Silica (Flint) – 10% (Adds strength, reduces shrinkage) Feldspar (Soda or Potash Feldspar) – 5% (Helps slight vitrification)

 

 

Strong Red Clay Body  (For Hand-Building ,tiles & Sculptures) Stronger, textured clay with less shrinkage and cracking. (Cone 06 – 04)(1000 to 1070°C)   Red Clay – 60% Fireclay – 20% (Increases strength & heat resistance) Grog (Fine or Medium) – 15% (Reduces shrinkage, prevents warping) Silica (Flint) – 5% (For stability)

 

 

Smooth Low-Fire Red Clay (For Slip Casting or thin-walled/Fine Work) (Cone 06 – 04) (1000 to 1070°C)   Red Clay – 50% Ball Clay – 25% (Enhances plasticity & smoothness) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Refines texture, improves whiteness) Feldspar (Sodium Feldspar) – 10% (Flux for slight vitrification)

 

 

Red Clay Body with Extra Flux  For stronger, semi-vitrified redware with a softer glaze fit. 1070°C   Red Clay – 50% Ball Clay – 20% (For workability) Feldspar (Soda or Potash) – 15% (Lowers firing temp, slight vitrification) Talc – 10% (Smooths texture, prevents crazing) Silica (Flint) – 5% (For strength)

 

 

Smooth White Earthenware Slightly porous Best for slip casting, detailed pottery, and smooth surfaces 1070°C   Kaolin (China Clay) – 50% (Base clay) Ball Clay – 25% (Increases plasticity) Feldspar (Sodium) – 15% (Lowers firing temp, slight vitrification) Silica (Flint) – 10% (Prevents excessive shrinkage & warping)

 

 

Plastic Kaolin-Based Earthenware More workable and stronger for hand-building and throwing 1070°C-1100°C   Kaolin (China Clay) – 40% Ball Clay – 30% (Increases plasticity & strength) Talc – 15% (Lowers firing temp, prevents crazing in glazes) Feldspar (Sodium) – 10% (Enhances vitrification) Silica (Flint) – 5% (Adds strength)

 

 

Buff-Colored Low-Fire Body Durable & Semi-Vitrified at Cone 04 1070°C-1100°C   Kaolin (China Clay) – 40% Red Clay (Earthenware Clay) – 20% (Adds plasticity & warmth in color) Ball Clay – 15% (Increases strength) Talc – 10% (Aids in firing & glaze fit) Feldspar (Potash or Soda) – 10% (Helps slight vitrification) Silica (Flint) – 5% (Reduces shrinkage)

 

 

Low-Fire Porcelain-Like Body  A near-porcelain, bright white body that stays soft at lower temperatures. 1070°C-1120°C   Kaolin (China Clay) – 50% Ball Clay – 20% (For workability) Nepheline Syenite or Frit 3134 – 15% (Flux for vitrification) Silica (Flint) – 10% (Prevents excess shrinkage) Talc – 5% (Enhances whiteness & improves glaze fit)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speckled Earthenware Clay Body  1000–1060°C   Red Clay (Terracotta) 50% Provides plasticity & warm red/brown tone Ball Clay 20% Adds plasticity, enhances workability Silica (Flint) 10% Reduces shrinkage & strengthens Grog (Coarse, 20–40 mesh) 10% Adds texture, reduces warping Manganese Dioxide (Coarse, 40–60 mesh) 5–8% for dark speckles Iron Oxide (Red or Yellow) 2–4% Adds warmth & enhances speckling Bentonite 2–3% Improves plasticity & bonding     Enhancing more speckling Increase Manganese Dioxide (8–10%)  Use Coarser Grog (10–20 mesh) → Adds more gritty, rustic texture Add Fine Rutile (1–2%) → for lighter, golden flecks

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Following are some easy to make clay bodies for different temperatures.

All the clay body recipes are enclosed in peach boxes.

 

Þ   Sieve the glaze well (80+ mesh) for smoothness.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clear Glossy Glaze (Best for Colored Clays & Speckled Effects) Great for showing off red, buff, marbled, or speckled clay bodies 1030°C–1050°C   Soda Feldspar (or Potash Feldspar) – 45% (Flux for melting) Silica (Flint) – 25% (Hardens glaze, prevents crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 20% (Suspends glaze, improves smoothness) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 10% (Lowers melting point, adds durability)

 

 

Satin Matte White Glaze (Soft Finish for Buff & Kaolin Clays) Ideal for white or buff-colored clay bodies 1030°C–1050°C     Soda Feldspar (or Potash Feldspar) – 40% (Primary flux, helps smooth melting) Kaolin (China Clay) – 30% (Adds opacity & smoothness) Silica (Flint) – 20% (Hardens glaze, prevents crazing) Zinc Oxide – 5% (Enhances matte effect, prevents crawling) Bentonite – 5% (Improves glaze suspension in bucket)

 

 

Honey Amber Transparent (For Red & Speckled Clays) Great for warm, earthy clay tones (red, terracotta, iron-rich clays) Gives a warm honey color that pools in textures 1030°C–1050°C   Soda Feldspar (or Potash Feldspar) – 45% (Melts the glaze, provides slight gloss) Silica (Flint) – 20% (Hardens glaze, improves durability) Kaolin (China Clay) – 20% (Suspends glaze, improves smoothness) Red Iron Oxide – 5% (Creates warm amber tones) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents settling in glaze bucket) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Adds durability and helps melting at lower temperature)

 

 

 

Soft Blue Celadon (For Speckled & White Clays) Works best over white, kaolin-based, or lightly speckled clay bodies, and it creates soft translucent blue with depth 1030°C–1050°C   Soda Feldspar (or Potash Feldspar) – 45% (Primary flux for smooth glossiness) Silica (Flint) – 25% (Strengthens glaze, prevents crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspension & softness in glaze surface) Cobalt Carbonate – 0.5% (Soft blue color, can be increased for deeper blue) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents glaze settling in bucket) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Lowers melting temperature slightly)

 

 

Bright Glossy Green Glaze A deep, vibrant green glaze for contrast on warm or dark clay bodies,preferably ontextured or carved surfaces 1030°C–1050°C   Soda Feldspar (or Potash Feldspar) – 45% (Primary flux for gloss & melting) Silica (Flint) – 20% (Strengthens glaze, reduces crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspends glaze, smooth finish) Copper Carbonate – 3% (Gives deep green color, can go up to 5% for stronger tone) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents settling & improves adhesion) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Improves melt & glaze fit on clay body)

 

 

 

Glossy Transparent Glaze 1000 to 1070°C   Quartz (Silica) – 25% Boric Acid – 15% (flux) Soda Feldspar – 20% (flux) Kaolin (EPK) – 10% Whiting – 10% (adds calcium for gloss) Bentonite – 5%   Colorant options 1-2% cobalt carbonate (transparent blue) or 2-3% iron oxide (amber tint)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glossy Honey Yellow Glaze A warm, golden glaze  1000 TO 1070°C   Quartz (Silica) – 25% Boric Acid – 10% Soda Feldspar – 20% Kaolin – 10% Whiting – 10% Bentonite – 5%   Colorants:  2-3% Rutile + 2% Red Iron Oxide

 

 

 

Soft Celadon subtle, translucent green glaze  1000 TO 1070°C   Quartz (Silica) – 20% Boric Acid – 15% Soda Feldspar – 20% Kaolin – 15% Whiting – 10% Bentonite – 5%   Colorant: 2% Copper Carbonate

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pink Blush Glossy Glaze 1070°C A soft pink glossy glaze    Quartz (Silica) – 25% Boric Acid – 10% Soda Feldspar – 20%  Kaolin – 10% Whiting – 10% Bentonite – 5%   Colorant:  5% Mason Stain Pink  (or 3% Chrome + 3% Tin Oxide)

 

 

 

Lava Crackle Glaze (For Textured, Aged Look) Best for sculptural pieces 1000–1060°C   Soda Feldspar – 40% (Primary flux for melting) Silica (Flint) – 20% (Hardens glaze and controls crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspends glaze, smooth finish) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 10% (Lowers melting temperature slightly) Zinc Oxide – 5% (Encourages crawling & crackling texture) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents settling and improves adhesion) Manganese Dioxide – 5% (Enhances dark mottling in cracks)   Coloring variations Cobalt Carbonate (0.5–1%) → Adds blue tones in cracks Copper Carbonate (1–2%) → Creates greenish hues in crackled areas Red Iron Oxide (2–3%) → Darker, rust-like effect in deep cracks

 

 

 

 

Floating Blue Glaze (Rich Mottled Surface) 1000–1060°C Better to be used on light colored clays   Soda Feldspar – 45% (Glossy surface, helps color float) Silica (Flint) – 25% (Prevents excessive running & crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspends glaze, keeps it smooth) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Enhances depth & brightness of color) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents settling and improves adhesion) Cobalt Carbonate – 1% (Rich blue color, creates movement in the glaze) Rutile (Titanium Dioxide) – 2% (Encourages floating and soft mottling effect)     To enhance or deepen color, use Chrome Oxide (0.2–0.5%) → Turns blue into teal or turquoise Nickel Oxide (0.5–1%) → Softens blue into grayish-green tones Titanium Dioxide (1–2%) → Increases cloudiness & floating effect

 

 

Speckled Sandstone Glaze  (Earthy, Rustic Surface) 1000–1060°C   Soda Feldspar – 50% (Glossy flux, enhances color depth) Silica (Flint) – 20% (Prevents crazing, strengthens glaze) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspends glaze, keeps it smooth) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Lowers melting temperature slightly) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents settling & improves glaze fit) Manganese Dioxide – 2% (Creates dark speckles on surface) Iron Oxide (Red or Yellow) – 2% (Enhances warm earthy tones & mottle effect)   For added color effects, use   Vanadium Pentoxide (1–2%) → Adds yellowish speckles Cobalt Carbonate (0.1–0.5%) → Light blue speckles Iron Oxide (3–5%) → Enhances brown and red variation

 

 

Red Fire-Streak Glaze  Mottled Red /with streaks/with Dark Patches 1000–1060°C   Soda Feldspar – 45% (Melts glaze, gives it gloss & smoothness) Silica (Flint) – 25% (Hardens glaze, prevents crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspends glaze, prevents crawling) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Lowers melting temperature slightly) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents glaze from settling in the bucket) Red Iron Oxide – 3% (Creates red streaks in the glaze) Rutile (Titanium Dioxide) – 2% (Enhances variation and soft color blending)   To enhance textures through deeper color, add Rutile (2–3%) → Breaks red into gold and orange hues Manganese Dioxide (1–2%) → Adds deeper brownish-purple streaks Titanium Dioxide (1–2%) → Softens the red for a smoky pink effect

 

 

 

Metallic Bronze Glaze  (Shiny, Aged Copper Look) 1000–1060°C   Soda Feldspar – 40% (Glossy flux, allows shine to develop) Silica (Flint) – 25% (Prevents excessive melting and crazing) Kaolin (China Clay) – 15% (Suspends glaze, keeps it even) Whiting (Calcium Carbonate) – 5% (Enhances melt & richness of color) Bentonite – 5% (Prevents settling and enhances adhesion) Copper Carbonate – 2% (Creates greenish-bronze metallic look) Manganese Dioxide – 3% (Adds dark mottling and metallic depth) Rutile (Titanium Dioxide) – 2% (Enhances color separation and metallic sheen)   For more color variations, add Bismuth Subnitrate (1–2%) → Adds an iridescent gold sheen Cobalt Carbonate (0.5–1%) → Shifts bronze toward bluish-purple metallic Chrome Oxide (0.3–0.7%) → Adds a subtle greenish tinge

 

Here are some more variations of glazes given above if you decide to layer them over each other, or use on one piece in combination..

 

Apply one glaze over another   1.Floating Blue over Lava Crackle : Creates dark crackle with deep blue pooling   2.Speckled Sandstone over Fire-Streak : Adds more earthy tones to red streaks   3.Metallic Bronze over Lava Crackle : Gives a metallic effect in deep cracks

 

 

 

Use both side by side or on sections of one piece in combination   1.Chrome-Modified Floating Blue over Red Fire-Streak : Creates stunning flame-like blues & purples   2.Rutile-Modified Red Fire-Streak over Metallic Bronze : Adds golden-rust shifts

 

 

 

Deep Crackle + Floating Blue (Mystic Ocean Effect)   Base Glaze: Lava Crackle Top Layer: Floating Blue (thin coat)   Color Effect: Cracks remain dark, while blue pools into them Subtle greenish shimmer appears if Chrome Oxide (0.3%) is added

 

 

 

 

 

 

Speckled Sandstone + Fire-Streak (Rustic Earth & Fire)   Base Glaze: Speckled Sandstone Top Layer: Fire-Streak (thin coat) Color Effect: Warm brown-speckled base with reddish flame streaks Titanium Dioxide (1%) in Fire-Streak adds golden highlights Manganese (2%) in Sandstone enhances black speckles

 

 

Floating Blue + Red Fire-Streak (Flaming Sky Effect)    Base Glaze: Red Fire-Streak  Top Layer: Floating Blue (brushed on edges)   Color Effect: Bright red-orange streaks shift into deep purples & blues Chrome Oxide (0.3%) turns blue into turquoise-green Rutile (2%) softens the transitions for a cloudy blend

 

 

 

Metallic Bronze + Lava Crackle (Aged Copper Patina)   Base Glaze: Lava Crackle Top Layer: Metallic Bronze (thin coat) Color Effect: Deep black crackle with bronze-gold shimmer If Bismuth (1%) is added, it gets a pearlescent sheen

 

Floating Blue + Metallic Bronze (Stormy Metal Effect)   Base Glaze: Floating Blue Top Layer: Metallic Bronze (thin coat) Color Effect: Dark blue pools with golden metallic streaks A thin wash of Chrome Oxide (0.2%) shifts the bronze to greenish-gold

 

The following are glazes that enhance speckled earthenware clay

 

Glossy Honey Amber (Warm & Golden)   Gerstley Borate – 40% (replace with Ferro Frit 3134: 40%) EPK Kaolin – 10% Silica – 15% Talc – 10% Ferro Frit 3124 – 25% Red Iron Oxide – 1% (for golden tint) Rutile – 2% (for warmth & soft variation)

 

 

 

Clear Celadon Green (Soft Green Tint Over Speckles) 1000–1060°C Ferro Frit 3195 – 40% EPK Kaolin – 15% Silica – 25% Zinc Oxide – 10% Bentonite – 2% Chrome Oxide – 0.2% (just enough for a green tint)

 

 

Satin White (Milky With Speckles Visible) Ferro Frit 3124 – 45% EPK Kaolin – 20% Silica – 25% Titanium Dioxide – 5% (softens & adds opacity) Bentonite – 2%

 

 

 

Transparent Glossy (For Pure Speckle Emphasis) Ferro Frit 3195 – 50% EPK Kaolin – 10% Silica – 25% Bentonite – 3% Zinc Oxide – 10% (boosts transparency & shine)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Here is another category of ceramic finishes, called Engobes.

Following are some general ,and easy to make engobe recipes for temperatures 1000–1060°C.

 

Engobes are colored slip coatings applied to clay bodies before glazing. They are great for adding color, texture, and decoration while still bonding well with the underlying clay. These recipes work for earthenware and terracotta at low-fire temperatures.

 

Base Engobe Recipe 1000–1060°C   This is a good starting point for adding different colorants.   Base Engobe Formula:   Ball Clay – 40% (good adhesion & plasticity) Kaolin (EPK) – 20% (whiteness & suspension) Silica (Flint) – 20% (prevents shrinkage cracks) Feldspar (Soda or Potash) – 15% (flux for better bonding) Bentonite – 5% (improves smoothness & application) Optional: Gum Arabic (2%) for brushing applications

 

 

Soft White Engobe (Good for layering & pastel colors)   Base Engobe – 100% Tin Oxide – 5% (creates opacity & softness) Titanium Dioxide – 3% (adds subtle breaking & warmth)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Warm Terracotta Red Engobe (Enhances natural red clay tones)   Base Engobe – 100% Red Iron Oxide – 10% (deep red color) Rutile – 3% (softens color & adds speckling) .

 

 

Deep Blue Engobe (Vibrant & rich for contrast designs)   Base Engobe – 100% Cobalt Carbonate – 1% (strong blue, mix well!) Titanium Dioxide – 2% (for breaking & depth) Zircopax – 5% (to brighten the blue & make it opaque)

 

 

Mossy Green Engobe (Soft natural green, good over textured clay)   Base Engobe – 100% Chrome Oxide – 1% (strong green tone, use sparingly!) Copper Carbonate – 3% (softer, natural green tones) Zircopax – 3% (lightens & softens the color)

 

 

Golden Orange Engobe (Bright & warm, good contrast with dark clay bodies)   Base Engobe – 100% Red Iron Oxide – 5% (warm base tone) Rutile – 5% (golden highlights & movement) Zircopax – 3% (lightens for a brighter orange look)

 

 

 

Charcoal Black Engobe (Dramatic & bold for high contrast decoration)   Base Engobe – 100% Black Iron Oxide – 6% (deep, natural black tone) Manganese Dioxide – 3% (enhances darkness & speckling) Rutile – 2% (for subtle breaking & highlights)

 

 

Soft Lavender Engobe (Subtle purples with breaking effects)   Base Engobe – 100% Cobalt Carbonate – 0.5% (blue tone base) Manganese Dioxide – 2% (adds purple/muted brown tones) Zircopax – 5% (lightens to a soft pastel purple/lavender)